This case examines Rwanda Trading Company (RTC) as it navigated shifting government policy and market dynamics in Rwanda’s coffee sector. For eight years, zoning regulations required farmers to sell their coffee cherries to designated coffee-washing stations (CWSs), incentivizing firms like RTC to make heavy investments in farmer support, including subsidized inputs, training, and infrastructure projects. In 2023, the government repealed the zoning policy, reintroducing competition among CWSs and exporters. RTC’s operations manager, Vincent Karenzi, faced the challenge of deciding whether to continue costly farmer-support programs without the assurance that farmers would sell exclusively to RTC. The case situates this decision within Rwanda’s broader history of coffee production, government intervention, and international market dynamics. This case can be used to teach about the interaction of multiple market frictions, such as imperfect information and monopsony power, and the trade-offs involved in government intervention.